Connaissez-vous la différence entre un kinésithérapeute, un chiropracteur et un ostéopathe ?
Si votre médecin traitant est le plus apte à vous orienter vers le bon thérapeute, voici un résumé de leurs objectifs, de leurs techniques et de leurs domaines d’intervention. Il vous permettra de savoir entre quelles mains vous êtes confié ou, si vous en prenez l’initiative, pour quels soins vous pouvez faire appel à leurs compétences.
Le métier de kinésithérapeute
Comme l’indique son étymologie – « kinésis » signifie mouvement en grec et « therapeía » « soins médicaux, traitement », la kinésithérapie a pour objectif le traitement de nos affections « par le mouvement ».
Les affections concernées sont principalement celles qui touchent notre appareil de soutien et notre appareil locomoteur, c’est-à-dire notre squelette, nos muscles, articulations ou encore ligaments et tendons. Mais la kinésithérapie permet également de traiter ou soulager d’autres parties du corps et maladies telles que des maladies respiratoires (bronchites chroniques, asthme…), des maladies neurologiques (paraplégie…) ou encore des affections urologiques et gynécologiques.
Quelles techniques utilise le kinésithérapeute ? Nous le savons, le kiné utilise principalement ses mains, comme par ailleurs sa force et le poids de son corps, pour nous aider à nous rétablir. Il fait appel à des techniques dites actives dans le cas de gymnastique et mouvements divers ou des techniques dites passives comme le massage. Il peut également avoir recours à la physiothérapie, c’est-à-dire à l’utilisation dans un but thérapeutique d’agents physiques tels que l’eau – on parle alors d’hydrothérapie, l’électricité (électrothérapie), la chaleur (thermothérapie), le froid (cryothérapie) ou encore la lumière (luminothérapie).
Spécialiste du « mouvement perturbé », le kiné fait avant tout usage de ses différentes techniques dans le but de montrer à notre corps les mouvements à exécuter pour récupérer ou maintenir nos capacités fonctionnelles. On se rend le plus souvent chez lui sur prescription médicale à la suite d’une maladie ou d’un accident mais il peut bien sûr également agir préventivement. Reconnu comme un professionnel de santé dans le secteur paramédical, le kinésithérapeute dispense des soins remboursés par la Sécurité sociale.
Qu’en est-il du chiropracteur ?
La chiropraxie, du grec ancien kheir (« main ») et de praxis (« action »), est la pratique qui vise à nous soigner par des manipulations et traitements effectués sur certaines parties de notre corps dont, principalement, la colonne vertébrale.
Notre colonne vertébrale protège notre système nerveux qui est véhiculé par la moelle épinière et une multitude de nerfs. Ces derniers partent de chaque vertèbre et parcourent notre corps. Une chute, un faux mouvement, de mauvaises postures mais aussi un choc émotionnel ou encore une mauvaise alimentation peuvent générer des interférences et à leur suite des dysfonctionnements entraînant diverses douleurs. Le chiropracteur a pour but de les traiter, sans médicaments ni chirurgie, en rétablissant la bonne communication entre notre cerveau et sa périphérie.
Les maux traités par la chiropraxie sont avant tout les douleurs osseuses, musculaires ou dorsales parmi lesquelles les torticolis, lumbagos, hernies discales mais aussi les migraines et céphalées.
Sur la base d’un examen et interrogatoire de son patient comme de radiographies, le chiropracteur détecte les déplacements de vertèbres et autres structures osseuses. Il utilise ensuite ses mains pour effectuer des « ajustements » au moyen de pressions et manipulations. Une table spécifique servant aux soins est fréquemment utilisée pour ce faire.
Si la chiropraxie est reconnue en France depuis 2002 et réglementée depuis 2011, elle reste considérée comme une médecine non conventionnelle, également dite médecine douce ou alternative. Elle n’est pas prise en charge par la Sécurité sociale. Votre mutuelle GMI rembourse par contre vos frais de consultation chez un chiropracteur à concurrence de différents forfaits en fonction de la couverture santé que vous avez choisie.
Le métier d’ostéopathe
L’ostéopathie* cherche quant à elle, également uniquement par contact manuel, à comprendre les causes et à traiter les symptômes des dysfonctionnements des différentes structures de notre corps. Elle peut donc s’appliquer à nos os, nos muscles, nos ligaments comme à nos organes et nos viscères.
Alors qu’un kinésithérapeute et plus encore un chiropracteur exerce la plupart de ses manipulations sur une zone précise, l’ostéopathe travaillera sur l’ensemble du corps pour déterminer les causes et traiter les symptômes de nos troubles fonctionnels.
Dans la pratique, par des palpations puis des manipulations diverses de nos muscles, de notre squelette ou de nos organes, l’ostéopathe pourra nous venir en aide notamment dans le cas de :
- toute douleur ou inconfort lié à notre système locomoteur (qui assure notre mobilité) ou notre système neurologique ;
- a fortiori toute diminution de nos fonctions musculaires, articulaires et de leurs structures associées ;
- et donc chutes, entorses, tendinites, sciatiques et autres blessures ou tensions ;
- mais aussi vertiges, migraines, stress émotionnels, otites, rhinites et sinusites particulièrement chez les enfants ;
- problèmes digestifs, circulatoires, respiratoires, urologiques ou de maladies infectieuses ;
- hospitalisations et récupération post-opératoire ;
- plaintes dues à la pratique d’un sport ;
- ou encore, comme on l’entend souvent, dans le cas d’un mal-être, malaise ou inconfort que l’on éprouve sans trop savoir ce qui en est la cause.
Comme la chiropraxie, l’ostéopathie pourtant reconnue en France depuis 2002 et pratiquée par plus de 30 000 thérapeutes dont de nombreux médecins et kinésithérapeutes, est toujours considérée comme une médecine non conventionnelle. Elle n’est dès lors pas remboursée par la Sécurité sociale. Votre mutuelle GMI rembourse cependant également vos frais de soins ostéopathiques à concurrence du forfait inclus dans la couverture santé que vous avez choisie.
* L’étymologie du mot ostéopathie est sujette à diverses interprétations en relation avec les « os », un domaine auquel s’intéressa à ses débuts le précurseur de l’ostéopathie, le Dr Andrew Taylor Stilll. Le bon fonctionnement de notre corps est à la base intimement lié à celui de notre structure squelettique à laquelle sont reliés tous nos systèmes et organes vitaux.
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